Origin

The White Queen has had a few origins, one of which is she is the daughter of the Queen of Hearts. However in all iterations she represents the white side of a chess match while the Red Queen represents the red side, who in some incarnations is her sister.

Creation

The White Queen was created by Lewis Carroll for the sequel novel to Alice In Wonderland, titled Through The Looking-Glass And Alice Found There from 1871.

Major Story Arcs

The White Queen is intended to be the Red Queen's second half, with the two queens being the main villains of the novel. The White Queen is very absent minded although capable of seeing into the future. Alice when returning to Wonderland visited the two Queens. When she met the White Queen, she showed her ability to see the future by playing a game of chess. She tends to brag to anyone who is anyone about her unique power.

The White Queen was at war with the Red Queen, although has a complex relationship with her, and can be openly friendly with her at points.

Other Versions

Alice In Wonderland/Through The Looking-Glass

In the live action franchise of Alice In Wonderland, the White Queen is an active threat in the later film, however instead of facing the Red Queen, her rival is the Queen of Hearts. The White Queen's personality is altered to be far more villainous, and her absent minded ways are but a distraction from her true intentions. The White Queen was played by Anne Hathaway.

Once Upon A Time In Wonderland

The White Queen title is used for the newly redeemed Red Queen in the series finale, this plot point would've been shown more of in the second season but the series was cancelled before it could've been explored further than the set up.